Flash Points

Themed journeys through our archive.

5 Seas Shaping Geopolitics

From the Black Sea to the South China Sea.

The Royal Norwegian Navy is aboard a ship in the Baltic Sea.
The Royal Norwegian Navy is aboard a ship in the Baltic Sea.
A sailor in the Royal Norwegian Navy is pictured onboard a Skjold-class ship during a military exercise on the Baltic Sea on June 6. Jonathan Nackstrand/AFP via Getty Images

As sites of trade, migration, and warfare, the world’s seas are natural geopolitical hotspots. Some, such as the South China Sea, have become battlegrounds of great-power competition. Others, such as the Red Sea, have recent histories that read, in researcher Nicholas W. Stephenson Smith’s words, “like a macabre thriller.”

As sites of trade, migration, and warfare, the world’s seas are natural geopolitical hotspots. Some, such as the South China Sea, have become battlegrounds of great-power competition. Others, such as the Red Sea, have recent histories that read, in researcher Nicholas W. Stephenson Smith’s words, “like a macabre thriller.”

Over the years, Foreign Policy has covered pirate attacks, naval battles, migrant journeys, and diplomatic posturing across the world’s seas. This edition of Flash Points dives into five of those seas, exploring how they are shaping, and being shaped by, geopolitics today.—Chloe Hadavas


Russia's navy ships take part in a military exercise called Kavkaz (the Caucasus) 2016 at the coast of the Black Sea in Crimea on September 9, 2016.
Russia's navy ships take part in a military exercise called Kavkaz (the Caucasus) 2016 at the coast of the Black Sea in Crimea on September 9, 2016.

Russia’s navy ships take part in a military exercise called Kavkaz (the Caucasus) 2016 at the coast of the Black Sea in Crimea on September 9, 2016.VASILY MAXIMOV/AFP via Getty Images

Welcome to the Black Sea Era of War

It has been the world’s bloodiest body of water since the Cold War—and not just because of Ukraine, Maximilian Hess writes.


A military plane is shown over a sandy landscape.
A military plane is shown over a sandy landscape.

U.S. and Philippine soldiers take part in a joint live fire exercise as part of the annual “Balikatan” (shoulder-to-shoulder) U.S.-Philippines war exercises on March 31, 2022, in Crow Valley, Tarlac, Philippines. Jes Aznar/Getty Images

The United States Is Deeply Invested in the South China Sea

As China postures, Washington remains committed, Gregory B. Poling writes.


The MV Ever Given container ship sails in the Suez Canal
The MV Ever Given container ship sails in the Suez Canal

The Panama-flagged MV Ever Given container ship sails along Egypt’s Suez Canal near the canal’s central city of Ismailia on July 7. Mahmoud Khaled/AFP via Getty Images

How the Red Sea Became a Trap

From piracy to the Ever Given, colonialism left hard scars, Nicholas W. Stephenson Smith writes.


A Libyan coast guardsman stands on a boat during the rescue of 147 migrants attempting to reach Europe off the coastal town of Zawiyah, Libya on June 27, 2017.
A Libyan coast guardsman stands on a boat during the rescue of 147 migrants attempting to reach Europe off the coastal town of Zawiyah, Libya on June 27, 2017.

A Libyan coast guardsman stands on a boat during the rescue of 147 migrants attempting to reach Europe off the coastal town of Zawiyah, Libya on June 27, 2017. TAHA JAWASHI/AFP via Getty Images

The Next Mediterranean Migration Crisis Will Be Worse

A new book tells the forgotten story of migrants stranded in Libya amid United Nations incompetence and Western indifference, Rhoda Feng writes.


Tanks are shown on a snowy, barren field.
Tanks are shown on a snowy, barren field.

Soldiers take part in a NATO military exercise in Adazi, Latvia, on Nov. 29, 2021.GINTS IVUSKANS/AFP via Getty Images

NATO Is Dangerously Exposed in the Baltic

NATO needs to bolster, not downsize, its flimsy defenses, Edward Lucas writes.

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